Mold in Your Home: Cleaning Options
Before you clean
Before cleaning mold in your home, first understand why it's there and fix the problem causing the mold growth . This will require a thorough inspection. Fungi (or mold) need a source ofmoisture, a source of organic matter, and proper temperature. Areas inside your home that have poor air movement and a source of moisture are likely areas for mold growth. Once the source of the water intrusion and the food source have been found, they should be addressed to prevent future mold growth. If this is not done, mold may return. You must either eliminate or ventilate the source of water or moisture. Affected building materials, such as carpets or drywall, may need to be replaced.
If I see mold in my home, should it be tested?
Testing for mold is generally not necessary. If you can see and smell it, you have a mold problem. However, it is recommended that you do have a thorough inspection to determine the cause of the mold growth. DHFS recommends that you hire a consultant specializing in building assessments to evaluate your entire house. For a list of Home Performance Consultants, contact the Wisconsin Focus on Energy Program at 1-800-762-7077 or go to: http://www.focusonenergy.com and follow the links for Your Home, Tools, and Find a Home Performance Consultant . These specialists conduct indoor air quality (IAQ) investigations, and can determine when structural issues exist that may be causing mold problems (such as ice dams, moisture, and heating and cooling complaints). They can help you understand why mold is growing in your home and what actions you will need to take to prevent mold growth. There are also IAQ consultants and mold remediation contractors whose primary focus is mold. For lists of these, go to http://www.dhfs.state.wi.us/eh, follow the link for Human Health Hazards and then click on Mold.
How can I clean up mold in my home?
Occasionally, mold can be found in the bathroom, on a windowsill, shower curtain, or wall. This mold can be wiped off the surface with a damp cloth and cleaning agent (e.g. window or bathroom cleaner). Preventing mold growth requires controlling the moisture source. This may be as simple as using a dehumidifier or fixing a simple leak. For larger mold problems (about 10 square feet), follow the three (3) phases below: (If you feel that the following guidelines are too vigorous, you should contact a mold contractor to complete the clean-up.
A. Preparation phase
* Gather the following items:
* Plastic sheets to cover door openings, windows
floors and vents (the plastic should be at least
4 mm in thickness)
* A breathing respirator (to cover mouth and nose) with
HEPA cartridges (available at most home fix-it stores)
* 3 spray bottles/plant misters
* Paper towels or disposable rags
* Heavy duty plastic garbage bags
* General household cleaner (only use cleaners without
ammonia) Household bleach (5% chlorine) Note that
bleach is typically not necessary to clean up mold, unless
a sewage release occurred. In this case, a dilute bleach
solution can be used as a final rinse to help reduce both
mold and bacteria.
* Latex (non-latex if you are allergic to latex) or rubber
gloves and goggles
* A one-cup measuring container
* 3 buckets that will hold at least a gallon of water each
* Commercial grade HEPA-Vacuum. Do not use a home
vacuum since it is not designed for this type of work.
Contact your Local ealth Department to find out where
to rent a HEPA-Vacuum in your area.
* Dehumidifier. Do not use a fan since it can cause mold
spores to be released.
B. Mixing Phase
WARNING: Do not miz bleach with other householdcleaners. Some household cleaners contain amonia. If amonia is mixed with chlorine bleach, a toxic gas can form, causing serious injury or death.
1. Mix general household cleaner and water in a bucket and
transfer to a spray bottle (follow manufacturer’s
instructions).
2. If bleach use is desired due to a gray (laundry) or black
(sewage) water release, prepare a bleach solution in a
separate bucket. Using gloves and goggles, add one cup
(8 ounces) bleach for every gallon of hot water. Bleach
(the active ingredient is chlorine) can reduce mold and
bacteria on treated surfaces.
3. Transfer the bleach solution into the 2nd spray bottle
(use gloves and goggles).
4. Pour clean, warm, rinse water (no bleach or household
cleaner added) into the 3rd spray bottle.
CAUTION: The bleach solution is irritating and harmful to the skin, eyes, and clothing. Avoid direct contact with bleach bu wearing rubber cloves, respirator and goggles during the entire mixing and cleaning process.
Before you begin:
* Seal off the room from the rest of the house with the
plastic and tape.
* Keep children and animals out of the work area during
the cleaning procedure.
* Do not eat, drink, chew gum/tobacco or smoke at any
time during cleaning.
* Use a dehumidifier prior to, during, and after the clean-up
to keep areas dry andprevent mold from reoccurring.
Clean-Up:
1. Spray and remove visible mold with general
household cleaner solution. Start fromthe top
and work down. Change towels frequently.
Discard towels in plastic bag. Rinse the same area
with clean water on a damp towel or lightly spray
with warm rinse water in a spray bottle and wipe
with a clean towel.
2. Repeat the above step until all visible mold is gone.
Note: There may be somediscoloration of the surface from
both the mold and the cleaning solution. Take care to
avoid damaging the surface by cleaning too hard.
3. If a bleach solution is to be used, wipe the affected
area and let set for 15 minutes (for fungicides other
than bleach, follow the manufacturer's instructions). Rinse
the area with a damp towel using clean warm water or by
lightly spraying with warm rinse water in a spray bottle
and wiping with a clean towel.
Once Complete:
1. Once the surface is dry to the touch, HEPA Vacuum for at
least 1 minute per square foot of affected area. Dead mold
and spore bodies can still be highly allergenic to
susceptible individuals, so thorough HEPA-vacuuming is
necessary to remove all mold fragments. Place
HEPA-vacuum bag into a garbage bag (follow
manufacturers guidelines for using a EPA-Vacuum).
2. Tightly tie the garbage bag and dispose of it as you would
your everyday household garbage.
3. Flush wastewater down a toilet, utility sink, or floor drain.
4. Change out of your cleaning clothes. Wash your hands
and face.
5. Wash your cleaning clothes separate from your family's
laundry.
6. At this point, you can apply paint or other coating to the
surface. You may wish to use a paint/coating that
contains a mildewcide or fungicide to prevent future
mold growth. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's
instructions and recommendations when using any
mildew resistant paint or paint additive. Remember,
these are also pesticides, and may have adverse health
effects on some individuals.
Note on Use of Ozone Air Cleaners
Do not use ozone air cleaners to kill mold. Ozone air cleaners generate ozone: a known
respiratory irritant. The USEPA does not recommend using ozone generating air cleaners for
treating indoor mold problems (http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/ozonegen.html). If a contractor
or a consultant recommends the use of an ozone generating air cleaner to treat a mold problem
in your home, please file a complaint with the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade
and Consumer Protection at 1-800-422-7128, or on the web at http://datcp.state.wi.usand
click on File Consumer Complaint. Be sure to include as much information as possible.
For more information on mold
For health related questions, contact the Division of Public Health, Bureau of Environmental Health, PO Box 2659, Madison, WI 53701-2659, (608) 266-1120.
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